In Indonesia, court-annexed mediation was originally governed by Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) No. 1 of 2008, which required parties to undergo mediation before the substantive examination of civil cases. The mediation process was conducted by a mediator appointed from among judges of the District Court who were not assigned to hear the case. The use of judge-mediators and the conduct of mediation within the premises of the court of first instance were provided free of charge. As a general rule, mediation proceedings were confidential and not open to the public, unless the parties agreed otherwise.