Abstract

The development of an increasingly modern era, along with the growth of buying and selling transactions, has transformed commercial activities in line with technological advancements. Buying and selling transactions that were initially conducted through conventional methods have increasingly shifted toward online platforms.

The rapid development of online commerce must be balanced by an effective legal framework to ensure protection for participants in electronic transactions, particularly through Law No. 19 of 2016, which amended Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law).

Despite these regulations, criminal offenses continue to occur, one of the most common being online buying and selling fraud. The legal settlement of such offenses generally refers to Article 378 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) concerning fraud, as Article 28 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law does not specifically regulate acts of online fraud.

Furthermore, the legal protection afforded to victims of online fraud has not yet been explicitly regulated under existing legislation, particularly regarding the recognition of victims' rights to receive compensation.